齒輪
- 聯系人：陳先生
- 電話：13601504610
- 產品描述：常州茂通機械是機械零部件加工制造的經營實體，主要業務包括數控車床加工，CNC加工中心，內外圓磨床加工，龍門銑床加工，鏜孔（鉆孔）加工。已獲得ISO9001:2008質量體系認證。本廠現年產值1600多萬元，員工30余名，廠房2000㎡。擁有獨立的數控車間、焊接車間、普通金加工車間，并以加工產品質量上乘，工作進程迅速而常年與三一重工、江蘇南方機電股份有限公司、、博雷（中國）控制系統有限公司、蘇州昆侖
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齒輪(lun)(lun)(lun)軸(zhou)工(gong)藝設(she)計(ji)說明書 一、分(fen)析零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖（如圖） 1、零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)名(ming)稱：齒輪(lun)(lun)(lun)軸(zhou)； 2、材料：40Cr； 3、質量：17.38kg； 4、產(chan)量：100件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)； 5、技(ji)術要求： 1）調(diao)質處(chu)理(li)28-32HRC。 6、齒輪(lun)(lun)(lun)基本參數： 1）m=4; β=9°22′（左旋）; 2）z=33, 精度等(deng)級(ji)887FH； 3）α=20°。 二(er)、鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)工(gong)藝性分(fen)析 1、加(jia)工(gong)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)、環境及(ji)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)后(hou)現象分(fen)析 零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為軸(zhou)類零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，因此鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)不是(shi)(shi)側(ce)重(zhong)于(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)、減少加(jia)工(gong)余量，而是(shi)(shi)側(ce)重(zhong)于(yu)提高鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)學性能(neng)(neng)(neng)。結合現代工(gong)廠設(she)備、技(ji)術力(li)(li)量和加(jia)工(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，選(xuan)用自由(you)手工(gong)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)。鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)后(hou)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢(shi)有坯料端(duan)部彎曲并帶毛刺和脫碳等(deng)。 2、零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)結構形(xing)狀對(dui)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)適應(ying)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析 即鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)結構工(gong)藝性分(fen)析。該零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)梯軸(zhou)類零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，可(ke)通(tong)過手工(gong)自由(you)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)來(lai)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)初(chu)步(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)型。因鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)而產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺(que)陷可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)和切(qie)削(xue)加(jia)工(gong)來(lai)改善(shan)。 三、繪制(zhi)(zhi)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖是(shi)(shi)根(gen)據零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖繪制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。自由(you)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖是(shi)(shi)在零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)考慮了(le)加(jia)工(gong)余量、鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)公差、工(gong)藝余塊等(deng)參數后(hou)繪制(zhi)(zhi)而成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。根(gen)據以(yi)下步(bu)驟繪制(zhi)(zhi)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖（如下頁圖）： （1）確定鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)狀。 （2）用紅線繪出鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖。 （3）計(ji)算尺寸，查公差并注于(yu)圖上(shang)。
四、參數選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze) 1、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)參數 首(shou)先選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)余塊以(yi)簡化(hua)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)外形(xing)(xing)，然后確(que)(que)(que)定加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)公差(cha)。 2、選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)依據(ju) 選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)參數應(ying)考慮(lv)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)尺(chi)寸、現(xian)有(you)設備、生產批量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)等因素。 3、確(que)(que)(que)定方法 查有(you)關標(biao)準進行(xing)分析，并與(yu)同類件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)比較，選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公差(cha)余量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)可(ke)(ke)依下(xia)列條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)確(que)(que)(que)定： （1）鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)多，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)值(zhi)取(qu)(qu)小(xiao)些(xie)(xie)，否(fou)(fou)則(ze)取(qu)(qu)大些(xie)(xie)。 （2）鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)值(zhi)取(qu)(qu)小(xiao)些(xie)(xie)，特(te)殊鋼(gang)取(qu)(qu)大些(xie)(xie)。 （3）表面質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。原材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表面質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)好，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)值(zhi)取(qu)(qu)小(xiao)些(xie)(xie)，否(fou)(fou)則(ze)取(qu)(qu)大些(xie)(xie)。 （4）鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)尺(chi)寸。鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)簡單，長(chang)(chang)度短(duan)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)值(zhi)取(qu)(qu)小(xiao)些(xie)(xie)，否(fou)(fou)則(ze)取(qu)(qu)大些(xie)(xie)。 （5）鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)水(shui)平。鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)水(shui)平高(gao)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)值(zhi)取(qu)(qu)小(xiao)些(xie)(xie)，否(fou)(fou)則(ze)取(qu)(qu)大些(xie)(xie)。 （6）工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具和(he)(he)設備情況、企業工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)習慣等其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)它因素。 4、數據(ju)處理 對(dui)于(yu)(yu)大型(xing)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)尾數圓(yuan)(yuan)整(zheng)(zheng)為(wei)5或(huo)0；中(zhong)小(xiao)型(xing)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)按四舍(she)五入原則(ze)處理成整(zheng)(zheng)數。最后確(que)(que)(que)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)參數如鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖所(suo)(suo)(suo)示。 五、確(que)(que)(que)定坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)尺(chi)寸 1、確(que)(que)(que)定坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)包括鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本(ben)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、加熱(re)時氧(yang)化(hua)燒損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)、切頭(tou)(tou)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi)及沖孔(kong)(kong)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi)等。 (1) 計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang) 根據(ju)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)(he)基(ji)本(ben)尺(chi)寸，可(ke)(ke)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)出鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)： m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)＝ pV 式(shi)中(zhong) m鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)—鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)； p—鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密度（ kg/dm3 ）取(qu)(qu)7.85kg /dm3 ； V —鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)積(ji)（ dm3 ）； 由此計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)得：m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)＝ pV = 7.85 kg /dm3×3.498 dm3 = 27.46 kg (2) 計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang) 坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)包括鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本(ben)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、加熱(re)時氧(yang)化(hua)燒損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)、切頭(tou)(tou)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi)及沖孔(kong)(kong)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi)等。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)公式(shi)為(wei)： m 坯(pi)(pi)(pi) ＝ m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan) ＋ m 燒 ＋ m 切 ＋ m 芯(xin) 式(shi)中(zhong) m 坯(pi)(pi)(pi) —坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)（ kg ）； m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan) —鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)（ kg ）； m 燒—氧(yang)化(hua)燒損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)（ kg ）， m 切—表示對(dui)拔(ba)長(chang)(chang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切頭(tou)(tou)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi)（ kg ）； m 芯(xin)—沖孔(kong)(kong)時沖掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi)（ kg ）； m 燒一(yi)(yi)般(ban)按火(huo)(huo)次進行(xing)估算(suan)，如第一(yi)(yi)火(huo)(huo)取(qu)(qu)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 2.0% ～ 3.0% ，以(yi)后各火(huo)(huo)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)取(qu)(qu) 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 1.5% ～ 2.0% ；m 切一(yi)(yi)般(ban)按下(xia)面經驗公式(shi)估算(suan)：對(dui)于(yu)(yu)該零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)截面 m 切＝1.81 ，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)D 為(wei)切頭(tou)(tou)部分直(zhi)徑（ dm ）；零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)沒(mei)有(you)沖孔(kong)(kong)，故， m 芯(xin)= 0kg。 所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)，m 坯(pi)(pi)(pi) ＝ m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan) ＋ m 燒 ＋ m 切 ＋ m 芯(xin)＝27.46×（1+1.5%）+1.81×0.873 ＝28.60(kg) 2、確(que)(que)(que)定坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)尺(chi)寸 坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)尺(chi)寸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確(que)(que)(que)定與(yu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)道基(ji)本(ben)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序（鐓(dui)粗(cu)(cu)或(huo)拔(ba)長(chang)(chang)）有(you)關，所(suo)(suo)(suo)采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序不(bu)同，確(que)(que)(que)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法也不(bu)一(yi)(yi)樣。 此零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)間(jian)部分采用(yong)(yong)鐓(dui)粗(cu)(cu)法鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)制，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)鋼(gang)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)，為(wei)避免鐓(dui)粗(cu)(cu)時坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)產生 彎曲，坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)高(gao)度H與(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)直(zhi)徑D之比應(ying)滿足(zu)鐓(dui)粗(cu)(cu)規則(ze)，即(ji) 1.25≤H/D≤2.5 對(dui)于(yu)(yu)此零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)(yuan)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao) ,D坯(pi)(pi)(pi)＝（0.8～1）D鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan),取(qu)(qu)D坯(pi)(pi)(pi)＝0.8 D鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)＝0.8*150mm＝120mm 由此，可(ke)(ke)求出坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)高(gao)度H坯(pi)(pi)(pi)。
